| JARVIS-ID:JVASP-25791 | Functional:optB88-vdW | Primitive cell | Primitive cell | Conventional cell | Conventional cell |
| Chemical formula:Tl3Ga9S13O2 | Formation energy/atom (eV):-0.884 | a 9.663 Å | α:90.0 ° | a 9.663 Å | α:90.0 ° |
| Space-group :P-6, 174 | Relaxed energy/atom (eV):-2.0366 | b 9.663 Å | β:90.0 ° | b 9.663 Å | β:90.0 ° |
| Calculation type:Bulk | SCF bandgap (eV):2.253 | c 7.447 Å | γ:120.0 ° | c 7.447 Å | γ:120.0 ° |
| Crystal system:hexagonal | Point group:-6 | Density (gcm-3):4.66 | Volume (Å3):602.19 | nAtoms_prim:27 | nAtoms_conv:27 |
Calculations are done using VASP software [Source-code]. Convergence on KPOINTS [Source-code] and ENCUT [Source-code] is done with respect to total energy of the system within 0.001 eV tolerance. Please note convergence on KPOINTS and ENCUT is generally done for target properties, but here we assume energy-convergence with 0.001 eV should be sufficient for other properties also. The points on the curves are obtained with single-point calculation (number of ionic steps, NSW=1 ). However, for very accurate calculations, NSW>1 might be needed.
The following shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD)[Source-code] pattern and the Radial distribution function (RDF) plots [Source-code]. XRD peaks should be comparable to experiments for bulk structures. Relative intensities may differ. For mono- and multi-layer structures , we take the z-dimension during DFT calculation for XRD calculations, which may differ from the experimental set-up.
The following shows the electronic density of states and bandstructure [Source-code]. DFT is generally predicted to underestimate bandgap of materials. Accurate band-gaps are obtained with higher level methods (with high computational requirement) such as HSE, GW , which are under progress. If available, MBJ data should be comparable to experiments also. Total DOS, Orbital DOS and Element dos [Source-code] buttons are provided for density of states options. Energy is rescaled to make Fermi-energy zero. In the bandstructure plot [Source-code], spin up is shown with blue lines while spin down are shown with red lines. Non-degenerate spin-up and spin-down states (if applicable) would imply a net orbital magnetic moment in the system. Fermi-occupation tolerance for bandgap calculation is chosen as 0.001.
High-symmetry kpoints based bandgap (eV): 2.243I
The following plot shows the plane averaged electrostatic potential (ionic+Hartree) along x, y and z-directions. The red line shows the Fermi-energy while the green line shows the maximum value of the electrostatic potential. For slab structures (with vacuum along z-direction), the difference in these two values can be used to calculate work-function of the material.
Incident photon energy dependence of optical is shown below [Source-code]. Only interband optical transitions are taken into account.Please note the underestimatation of band-gap problem with DFT will reflect in the spectra as well. For very accurate optical properties GW/BSE calculation would be needed, which is yet to be done because of their very high computational cost. Optical properties for mono-/multi-layer materials were rescaled with the actual thickness to simulation z-box ratio. Absorption coeffiecient is in cm-1 unit. Also, ionic contributions were neglected.
Dense k-mesh based bandgap is : 2.2532 eV
Static real-parts of dielectric function in x,y,z: 6.59,6.59,6.73
Single point DFT calculation was carried out with meta-gga MBJ potential [Source-code]. This should give reasonable bandgap, and optical properties assuming the calculation was properly converged. Incident photon energy dependence of optical is shown below. Only interband optical transitions are taken into account. Also, ionic contributions were neglected.
MBJ bandgap is : 3.1899 eV
Static real-parts of dielectric function in x,y,z: 4.96,4.98,5.25
Theoretical solar-cell efficiency (in %) was calculated using spectroscopy limited maximum efficiency (SLME) and TBmBJ for the material with 500 nm thickness and at 300 K. Note that generally there are many factors that contribute towards the efficiency, such as carrier effective mass etc.
SLME is: 2.83
Elastic tensor calculated for the conventional cell of the system with finite-difference method [Source-code]. For bulk structures, elastic constants are given in GPa unit . For layered materials, the elastic constants are rescaled with respect to vacuum padding (see the input files) and the units for elastic coefficients are in N/m . Phonons obtained [Source-code] from this calculation are also shown.
WARNING: Please note we provide finite-size cell phonons only. At least 1.2 nm x1.2 nm x1.2 nm size cell or more is generally needed for obtaining reliable phonon spectrum, but we take conventional cell of the structure only. For systems having primitive-cell phonon representation tables, I denotes infrared activity and R denotes Raman active modes (where applicabale). Selection of particular q-point mesh can give rise to unphysical negative modes in phonon density of states and phonon bandstructre. The minimum thermal conductivity was calculated using elastic tensor information following Clarke and Cahill formalism.
Voigt-bulk modulus (KV): 38.64 GPa, Voigt-shear modulus (GV): 18.87 GPa
Reuss-bulk modulus (KR): 38.61 GPa, Reuss-shear modulus (GR): 17.89 GPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.29, Elastic anisotropy parameter: 0.28
Clarke's lower limit of thermal conductivity (W/(m.K)): 0.48
Cahill's lower limit of thermal conductivity (W/(m.K)): 0.54
| 63.9 | 30.4 | 19.9 | -0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 30.4 | 63.9 | 19.9 | -0.0 | -0.0 | 0.0 |
| 19.9 | 19.9 | 79.6 | -0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| -0.0 | -0.0 | -0.0 | 16.8 | -0.0 | -0.0 |
| 0.0 | -0.0 | -0.0 | -0.0 | 15.9 | 0.0 |
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.0 | 0.0 | 15.9 |
| Phonon mode (cm-1) |
|---|
| -25.89 |
| -0.11 |
| -0.09 |
| -0.07 |
| 23.35 |
| 23.35 |
| 24.52 |
| 28.67 |
| 28.67 |
| 30.83 |
| 43.0 |
| 43.0 |
| 49.47 |
| 62.07 |
| 65.75 |
| 65.75 |
| 89.55 |
| 90.02 |
| 90.02 |
| 95.41 |
| 95.41 |
| 98.66 |
| 102.55 |
| 102.55 |
| 102.94 |
| 102.94 |
| 103.34 |
| 106.68 |
| 113.11 |
| 113.11 |
| 127.16 |
| 127.16 |
| 127.21 |
| 132.19 |
| 142.31 |
| 142.31 |
| 156.7 |
| 156.7 |
| 158.09 |
| 158.59 |
| 158.59 |
| 170.63 |
| 170.63 |
| 198.38 |
| 209.56 |
| 214.06 |
| 229.95 |
| 248.03 |
| 248.03 |
| 259.97 |
| 270.19 |
| 302.56 |
| 302.56 |
| 306.14 |
| 307.61 |
| 307.61 |
| 316.47 |
| 330.67 |
| 330.67 |
| 336.04 |
| 336.04 |
| 346.96 |
| 346.96 |
| 347.67 |
| 351.27 |
| 351.27 |
| 352.91 |
| 353.17 |
| 354.59 |
| 356.65 |
| 356.65 |
| 369.06 |
| 370.04 |
| 370.04 |
| 374.01 |
| 380.3 |
| 380.3 |
| 567.65 |
| 567.65 |
| 582.18 |
| 582.18 |
point_group_type: m
| Phonon mode (cm-1) | Visualize Phonons hereRepresentation |
|---|---|
| -25.89 | |
| -25.8911185473 | |
| -0.11 | |
| -0.1090978245 | |
| -0.09 | |
| -0.0871583401 | |
| -0.07 | |
| -0.0655277108 | |
| 23.35 | |
| 23.3535521965 | |
| 24.52 | |
| 24.5172488204 | |
| 28.67 | |
| 28.6718837441 | |
| 30.83 | |
| 30.826494524 | |
| 43.0 | |
| 42.9994533691 | |
| 49.47 | |
| 49.4701785221 | |
| 62.07 | |
| 62.0702944004 | |
| 65.75 | |
| 65.7545788746 | |
| 89.55 | |
| 89.5517206266 | |
| 90.02 | |
| 90.0206871111 | |
| 95.41 | |
| 95.4090691963 | |
| 98.66 | |
| 98.6597843074 | |
| 102.55 | |
| 102.554172731 | |
| 102.94 | |
| 102.938163433 | |
| 103.34 | |
| 103.342327771 | |
| 106.68 | |
| 106.676263298 | |
| 113.11 | |
| 113.110669886 | |
| 127.16 | |
| 127.163723652 | |
| 127.21 | |
| 127.214487127 | |
| 132.19 | |
| 132.193980242 | |
| 142.31 | |
| 142.314573544 | |
| 156.7 | |
| 156.702895651 | |
| 158.09 | |
| 158.085159844 | |
| 158.59 | |
| 158.589434843 | |
| 170.63 | |
| 170.628706465 | |
| 198.38 | |
| 198.375256469 | |
| 209.56 | |
| 209.557550477 | |
| 214.06 | |
| 214.055734654 | |
| 229.95 | |
| 229.947827896 | |
| 248.03 | |
| 248.03131697 | |
| 259.97 | |
| 259.972101259 | |
| 270.19 | |
| 270.18955797 | |
| 302.56 | |
| 302.559642141 | |
| 306.14 | |
| 306.140967192 | |
| 307.61 | |
| 307.607047934 | |
| 316.47 | |
| 316.469494558 | |
| 330.67 | |
| 330.666713119 | |
| 336.04 | |
| 336.035396979 | |
| 346.96 | |
| 346.964232613 | |
| 347.67 | |
| 347.666164718 | |
| 351.27 | |
| 351.267823875 | |
| 352.91 | |
| 352.905289295 | |
| 353.17 | |
| 353.167087313 | |
| 354.59 | |
| 354.58939958 | |
| 356.65 | |
| 356.646548401 | |
| 369.06 | |
| 369.060701404 | |
| 370.04 | |
| 370.043067482 | |
| 374.01 | |
| 374.014359734 | |
| 380.3 | |
| 380.299845011 | |
| 567.65 | |
| 567.651398683 | |
| 582.18 | |
| 582.184158071 |
Thermoelectric properties are calculated using BoltzTrap code [Source-code]. Electron and hole mass tensors (useful for semiconductors and insulators mainly)are given at 300 K [Source-code]. Following plots show the Seebeck coefficient and ZT factor (eigenvalues of the tensor shown) at 300 K along three different crystallographic directions. Seebeck coefficient and ZT plots can be compared for three different temperatures available through the buttons given below. Generally very high Kpoints are needed for obtaining thermoelectric properties. We assume the Kpoints obtained from above convergence were sufficient [Source-code].
WARNING: Constant relaxation time approximation (10-14 s) and only electronic contribution to thermal conductivity were utilized for calculating ZT.
| 4.64 | 0.0 | -0.0 |
| 0.0 | 4.64 | 0.0 |
| -0.0 | 0.0 | 0.58 |
| 4.23 | -0.0 | -0.0 |
| -0.0 | 4.23 | -0.0 |
| -0.0 | -0.0 | 6.99 |
| Property | xx | yy | zz |
| n-Seebeck | -284.1 | -259.15 | -259.15 |
| n-PowerFactor | 339.66 | 339.66 | 4265.88 |
| n-Conductivity | 5057.71 | 5057.72 | 52853.99 |
| n-ZT | 0.19 | 0.19 | 1.71 |
| p-Seebeck | 311.31 | 311.31 | 382.02 |
| p-PowerFactor | 305.38 | 305.38 | 362.44 |
| p-Conductivity | 2483.54 | 3150.94 | 3150.94 |
| p-ZT | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.21 |
Links to other databases or papers are provided below
ICSD-ID: 61256
AFLOW link